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1.
J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab. (Online) ; 58: e4482022, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375689

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction In Brazil, 8,000 new cases of childhood cancer are estimated each year, whose causes are still little known, although some have genetically determined factors. Approximately 70% of human cancers have alterations in the TP53 gene, which encodes the protein responsible for inhibiting the disordered growth of cells exposed to injuries. However, the frequency of alterations in the expression of TP53 in childhood cancers in Brazil remains poorly known. Objective To evaluate the expression of TP53 gene in patients with childhood cancer in northeastern of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, 282 patients diagnosed with cancer between 2005 and 2015 in Joinville were included. TP53 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a score based on the intensity and percentage of stained cells. Results The p53 protein was positive in 25.2% of cases, with no difference between sexes. Considering the five main groups of tumors in the sample, the expression was positive in 31.8%, 27.3%, 20%, 17.2% and 5.9% of lymphomas, nephroblastomas, neuroblastomas, tumors of the Central Nervous System and leukemias, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of TP53 expression was evaluated in different childhood cancers in the northeastern of Santa Catarina. Positivity was higher among lymphomas and lower in leukemias, but with no significant difference among the five most frequent tumors. Further studies that allow correlation with aggressiveness and disease evolution are required.

2.
Chinese Journal of Hematology ; (12): 932-938, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-801368

ABSTRACT

Objective@#To explore the clinical and prognostic values of TP53 gene mutation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) .@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of 265 newly diagnosed AML patients with next-generation sequencing (NGS) data in the Hematology Department of Changhai Hospital from January 2010 to January 2019 was performed. Mutation analysis was carried out by targeted sequencing technology including 200 hematological malignancy related genes. The association of TP53 mutation with clinical features was analyzed.@*Results@#Alterations in TP53 were found in 20 (7.5%) patients, including 17 case (6.4%) of missense mutations, 2 cases (0.7%) of frame-shift deletion mutations and 1 case (0.4%) of splicing sites mutation. A total of 23 kinds of TP53 mutations were detected, most of them (16, 69.6%) were located in the DNA binding domain of exon 5-8, 4 in the DNA binding domain of exon 3-4, 2 in exon 10 and 1 in splice site, respectively. The median age of patients with TP53 alterations was higher than those without [52 (26-72) years old vs 45 (14-75) years old, P= 0.008]. The frequency of complex karyotypes was higher in patients with TP53 alterations than those without [45.0% (9/20) vs 6.1% (15/245) , P<0.001]. Median overall survival (OS) of patients with TP53 alterations was shorter than those without[14.1 (95%CI 6.78-21.42) months vs 31.4 (95%CI 13.20-49.59) months, P=0.029]. The OS of patients treated with "Decitabine + CAG" was superior than that of patients treated with "3 + 7" regimen [30.0 (95%CI 27.35-38.84) months vs 12.5 (95%CI 5.80-19.19) months, P=0.018]. Multivariate analysis indicated that TP53, DNMT3A and USH2A alterations, WBC ≥ 12.45×109/L had negative impacts on OS.@*Conclusion@#The frequency of TP53 mutation was 7.5% in our cohort. Most mutations were located in the DNA binding domain. TP53 alterations were strongly associated with older age, complex karyotype and shorter OS. Decitabine-based induction chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may improve OS, more cases and/or multicenter randomized studies are needed for further confirmation.

3.
Rev. Urug. med. Interna ; 3(3): 20-26, oct. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092344

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El síndrome de Li-Fraumeni (SLF) es una enfermedad hereditaria autosómica dominante con elevada penetrancia, que se caracteriza por la aparición precoz de múltiples tumores en un individuo y una marcada agregación familiar. Aproximadamente el 70% de los pacientes que cumplen criterios clínicos para su diagnóstico son portadores de la mutación germinal del gen TP53 localizado en el cromosoma 17p13. El gen TP53 es un supresor tumoral que cumple una importante función en el control de la estabilidad genómica. Se estima que el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer es del 50 % para las mujeres a los 31 años de edad y para los hombres a los 46 años y cerca del 100 % para ambos sexos a los 70 años. El curso clínico de la enfermedad es similar que en pacientes sin SLF a excepción de la edad más temprana al diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 31 años a la que se diagnostica un condrosarcoma pelviano tratado con cirugía y al momento de la recidiva, aproximadamente 8 meses después, un cáncer de mama localizado. En otro miembro de su familia se había identificado la mutación 375G>C en el gen TP53 mediante secuenciación Sanger, la cual fue detectada posteriormente en nuestra paciente. Se discuten aspectos particulares del manejo como la minimización de la exposición a la radioterapia (por reportes de tumores malignos en zonas irradiadas) y el especial manejo de la repercusión del diagnóstico a nivel de los otros integrantes de la familia.


Abstract: The Li-Fraumeni syndrome (SLF) is a highly penetrant condition with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, characterized by an early onset of multiple tumors in a subject and a marked familial occurrence. About 70 % of patients meeting clinical criteria for diagnosis of the disease carry the germline mutation of TP53 gene located in chromosome 17p13. TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene known for its major role in genome stability control. It has been estimated that risk of cancer development is 50 % for women at the age of 31 and for men at the age of 46 and nearly 100 % for both men and women at 70 years of age. Except at earlier ages of diagnosis, the clinical course of the disease for healthy patients and for patients suffering SLF shows similarities. We present the case of a 31-year-old patient diagnosed both with pelvic chondrosarcoma treated surgically and localized breast cancer during relapse, about 8 months later. By Sanger sequencing, mutation 375G>C had been identified in TP53 gene in another family member, and said mutation was later detected in our patient. We discuss particular aspects of treatment procedures, such as minimizing radiotherapy exposure (due to reports of malignancies in radiated areas) and the special management of diagnosis implications for other family members.


Resumo: A síndrome de Li-Fraumeni (SLF) é uma doença hereditária autorexistente dominante com pena de penetração, que caracteriza a aparição precoz de múltiplos tumores em um indivíduo e uma coletânea familiar. Aproximadamente o 70% dos pacientes com critérios clínicos para o diagnóstico em crianças portadores da mutação germinal do gen TP53 localizado no cromosoma 17p13. El gen TP53 é um tumor tumoral que cumple uma função importante no controle da estabilização genómica. Se estima que o riesgo do desengate faz dos 50% para as mulheres aos 31 anos de idade e para os 40 anos e cerca de 100% para ambos os sexos aos 70 anos. O curso clínico da doença é semelhante ao que ocorre com a SLF a exceção da doença mais tem sido diagnosticada. Presentamos o caso de um paciente de 31 años que diagnostica um paciente de pélvico com relato ao momento da recidiva, aproximadamente 8 meses depois, em um lugar de mama próximo. En otio miembro de la familia se habiocuident to the mutación 375G> C en el gen TP53 por secuenciación Sanger, a cual fue detectada em recente paciente. A discussão foi feita sobre os aspectos do tratamento com a minimização da exposição à radioterapia (por tumores malignos em zonas irradiadas) e o especial manejo da repercussão do diagnóstico a nível dos otros integrantes da familia

4.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 50(2): 150-158, Mar-Apr/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-712710

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The tumor protein p53 gene (TP53) is a constant target of investigation in cancer pathogenesis. Analysis by immunohistochemistry provides limited data about p53 in oral carcinogenesis, and TP53 sequencing can contribute to this analysis. However, obtaining high-quality and contamination-free deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for a proper amplification can be a difficult task when using paraffin-embedded tissues. Objective: Standardize DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing techniques for TP53 mutation analysis. Material and methods: Thirty-nine cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were selected from the Pathology Division of Instituto Nacional de Câncer (Inca). The DNA extraction method used was the QIAamp® DNA minikit® system. After DNA quantification by spectrophotometry, 250 ng of genetic material obtained from TP53 gene were amplified by PCR for exon 2 and by nested PCR for exon 6. Out of the total sample, 11 cases were selected for exon 2 sequencing. Results: The DNA samples presented mean concentration of 119.74 ± 88.86 ng/µl (28.9-556.4) and purity of 1.69 ± 0.18 (1-1.9). Thirty-three (84.6%) samples were amplified for exon 2, and all samples for exon 6 (39/100%). Readable sequencing data were obtained in 10 (90.9%) cases. Conclusion: Optimization of conditions for TP53 sequencing was obtained, and this will facilitate the analysis of mutations in paraffin-embedded tissues, allowing molecular retrospective studies...


Introdução: O gene TP53 (proteína tumoral p53) é alvo constante de investigação na patogênese do câncer. A imuno-histoquímica fornece dados limitados na análise de p53 no processo da carcinogênese bucal e o sequenciamento de TP53 pode contribuir nessa investigação. Contudo, a obtenção de ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) com qualidade para amplificação e livre de contaminação pode constituir uma tarefa difícil na utilização de material parafinado. Objetivo: Padronizar as técnicas de extração de DNA, amplificação por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e sequenciamento para a análise de mutações em TP53. Material e métodos: Foram selecionados 39 casos de carcinomas de células escamosas bucal da Divisão de Patologia do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (Inca). O DNA foi extraído utilizando o sistema comercial QIAamp® DNA minikit®. Após quantificação do DNA por espectrofotometria, 250 ng de amostra foram amplificados pela técnica de PCR para o éxon 2 e por nested PCR para o éxon 6 do gene TP53. Da amostra total, 11 casos foram selecionados para a padronização da reação de sequenciamento do éxon 2. Resultados: As amostras de DNA apresentaram concentração média de 119,74 ng/µl ± 88,86 (28,9-556,4 ng/µl) e pureza de 1,69 ± 0,18 (1-1,9). Do total das amostras analisadas, 33 (84,6%) foram amplificadas para o éxon 2, e todas (39/100%), para o éxon 6. No sequenciamento do éxon 2 obtiveram-se sequências passíveis de leitura em 10 (90,9%) casos. Conclusão: A otimização das condições para o sequenciamento de TP53 foi obtida, o que facilitará a análise de mutações em tecidos parafinados, permitindo...


Subject(s)
Humans , Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , /genetics , Mutation/genetics , Paraffin Embedding , Mouth Neoplasms/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction
5.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 30(1): 41-46, jan.-fev. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485332

ABSTRACT

O linfoma de Burkitt (LB) surge a partir de uma célula do centro germinativo que perde o controle da proliferação devido à ativação do gene c-myc. A resistência à apoptose é uma causa importante da falha à quimioterapia na maioria dos cânceres e também no LB. A taxa alta de apoptose observada no LB em fases iniciais da gênese do tumor é seguida pelo desenvolvimento subseqüente de inativação de vias que levam à apoptose da célula. Uma importante via que se encontra alterada no LB é a via mediada pela proteína p53. Essa via é importante para o controle da proliferação celular em resposta ao dano no DNA. Dados da literatura mostram uma correlação entre mutações do gene TP53 com resistência ao tratamento. No entanto, alguns estudos têm demonstrado que diferentes tipos de mutações podem conferir respostas diferentes das células à quimioterapia. Isso tem sido observado em nossos estudos que mostram que linhagens celulares do LB com mutações diferentes da p53 apresentam uma resposta diferenciada à apoptose induzida por drogas que atuam por essa via, como, por exemplo, a doxorrubicina. Diferentes tipos de mutações conferem fenótipos funcionais distintos, embora nem sempre ocorra uma perda da função, o que pode ser um importante componente da resistência à quimioterapia no LB. Nesse artigo revisamos a literatura com relação à resposta ao tratamento no LB e discutimos o papel das mutações do gene TP53 na resistência à quimioterapia nesses tumores.


Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) originates from a germinative centre cell that loses proliferation control due to activation of the c-myc gene. Apoptosis resistance is a major cause of chemotherapy failure in most kinds of cancers, including BL. The high rate of apoptosis seen in the early steps of genesis of BL is followed by a subsequent development of inactivation of pathways leading to cell death by apoptosis. A major pathway known to be altered in BL is the one mediated by the p53 protein. This pathway is important to control cell proliferation in response to DNA damage. Data from the literature show a correlation between TP53 gene mutations and treatment resistance. However, some studies have demonstrated that distinct types of mutations have the ability to confer different cell responses to chemotherapy. We found that BL cell lines bearing distinct mutations of p53 also present different responses to drug-induced apoptosis, when using drugs that act through this pathway, such as doxorubicin. Different types of mutations might confer distinct functional phenotypes. Loss of function does not always occur which may be considered an important component of chemotherapy resistance in BL. In this article we review publications regarding the response to treatment in BL while we discuss the role of TP53 gene mutations in chemotherapy resistance of these tumors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis/radiation effects , Burkitt Lymphoma , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Mutation
6.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2007. xx, 131 p. graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, Inca | ID: biblio-934227

ABSTRACT

O Linfoma de Burkitt (LB) é o linfoma maligno mais comum da infância. Embora o regime de tratamento utilizado atualmente seja bem sucedido em grande parte dos casos, há uma constante busca por regimes menos tóxicos, e terapêutica de resgate para os pacientes refratários ao tratamento inicial, ou que apresentam recidiva. Nesse sentido, o entendimento dos mecanismos moleculares de resistência e refratariedade ao tratamento podem auxiliar na obtenção de um modelo de terapia eficaz no caso de falha ao tratamento inicial. Uma importante via de atuação de diversos agentes quimioterápicos, incluindo aqueles usados no tratamento do LB, é a de indução de apoptose mediada pela proteína p53. O gene TP53 encontra-se mutado em uma grande proporção de tumores humanos, e já foi mostrado que suas mutações correlacionam-se com a resposta ao tratamento em diversos tipos tumorais. No entanto, alguns estudos têm demonstrado que diferentes tipos de mutações podem conferir respostas diferentes das células à quimioterapia. Nesse estudo utilizamos duas linhagens celulares tumorais derivadas do Linfoma de Burkitt – Daudi e Raji – que apresentam mutações distintas do gene TP53 e correlacionamos a resposta dessas células à indução de morte pela exposição aos agentes citotóxicos doxorrubicina, etoposídeo, cisplatina e radiação gama. Avaliamos também a capacidade desses agentes induzirem aumento de expressão da proteína p53 nessas linhagens, assim como, a funcionalidade das diferentes mutantes da p53 em relação à indução de apoptose, parada do ciclo celular e habilidade de transativação do gene p21. Os níveis de survivina, uma importante proteína envolvida no processo apoptótico que está sob regulação direta da p53, e da proteína pró-apoptótica SMAC/Diablo também foram avaliados antes e após a exposição das linhagens aos agentes citotóxicos. Como resultados observamos variação no percentual de apoptose, que atingiu 60-80% na Raji e 20-30% na Daudi em 48 horas com a mesma concentração de radiação ionizante. Além disso, a DL50 para os quimioterápicos foi diferente entre as duas linhagens, sendo consideravelmente maior na Daudi do que na Raji. A resistência das linhagens aos variados agentes dependeu em grande parte do tipo de mutação do gene TP53 e do agente utilizado. Observamos ainda diferenças no status funcional da proteína p53, em relação a indução de apoptose e transativação de genes alvo, como o gene p21, mostrando que diferentes mutações podem levar a conseqüências funcionais diversas. A expressão da survivina foi regulada positivamente pela p53 mutada após a exposição às drogas e à radiação gama, mostrando um papel para essa proteína na apoptose dependente de p53 e resistência...


Burkitt’s Lymphoma (BL) is the most common malignant lymphoma in children. Although the currently used treatment regimens are successful in most cases, new less toxic regimens and rescue therapeutics for patients with refractory disease, or who presented relapse are still in continuous search. In this context, understanding the molecular mechanisms related to chemotherapy resistance and lack of treatment response may help to design new treatment approaches, which could be effective in this clinical setting. An important mechanism of action of several chemotherapeutic agents, including those used in BL treatment, is the p53-mediated apoptosis induction pathway. TP53 gene is mutated in a large number of human tumors, and a relationship between p53 mutations and treatment response in many kinds of tumors has been shown. In addition, some studies have reported that different types of TP53 mutations confer different cell responses to chemotherapy. In this study we analysed two Burkitt’s Lymphoma cell lines – Daudi and Raji – in which distinct mutations of TP53 gene were previously described. Cell lines response to doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, and gamma radiation-induced cell death were correlated to TP53 mutations. We also evaluated the ability of these agents to induce overexpression of p53 protein, as well as the functionality of different p53 mutants in relation to apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and capacity to transactivate p21WAF1/Cip1gene. The levels of expression of survivin, an important protein (under direct regulation by p53) involved in the apoptotic process and the expression of SMAC/Diablo (a pro-apoptotic protein) were evaluated before and after cell lines exposure to the cytotoxic agents. As result, we observed differences in the apoptosis index, which reached approximately 60-80% in Raji and 20-30% in Daudi cells, 48 hours after exposure to the same concentration of gamma radiation. Besides, the chemotherapeutic LD50 (lethal dose, 50%) was different between the cell lines, being higher in Daudi when compared to Raji cell line. The resistance to varying types agents in those cell lines depended largely on the type of TP53 gene mutation and the agent used. We also observed dissimilarities in the functional status of p53 protein, regarding apoptosis induction and transactivation of target genes, such as p21, suggesting that those mutations are able to lead to distinct functional consequences. Survivin expression was upregulated by mutated p53 after exposure to drugs and gamma radiation suggesting a possible role played by this protein in p53-dependent apoptosis pathway and resistance...


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Child , Apoptosis , Burkitt Lymphoma/therapy , Mutation , Drug Therapy
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